What does a histogram display?

A histogram is a graphical representation that displays the frequency distribution of a dataset. It consolidates the data into continuous intervals, known as bins or classes, indicating how many data points fall within each interval. This method allows for an easy visualization of the shape and spread of the data, making it simple to identify patterns such as central tendency, variability, and any potential outliers.

In contrast, the other options focus on different types of data visualization or analysis. Causal relationships would be shown using scatter plots or other methods that illustrate correlation between variables. A time series chart specifically represents data points ordered in time, useful for tracking changes over time rather than illustrating frequency. Performance over a period would typically be monitored through various metrics and could be shown in formats like line graphs or dashboards but would not specifically indicate frequency distribution. Hence, a histogram effectively serves the purpose of displaying how often each range of values occurs within a dataset, which is why it is the correct choice in this context.